We recently paid a visit to Fort Bema in the Bemowo district, a lovely place to walk.
Before I tell some more about this fort I will explain that this fort is part of a bigger whole. the Warsaw Fortress.
Warsaw Fortress (Twierdza Warszawa)
A system of fortifications built in Warsaw, Poland during the 19th century when the city was part of the Russian Empire. The fortress belonged to a chain of fortresses built in Congress Poland and the region adjacent to it during this period. It was built in stages, with the first part, known as Warsaw Citadel, built the years 1832-1834, in the immediate aftermath of the November Uprising of 1830.
Late 19th century
This initial fortification was then continually improved by the addition of further forts in its vicinity, with the work finally completed in 1874. In 1879 the government of the Russian Empire decided to carry ouf a major expansion of the fortress, which would incorporate a system of large forts surrounding the whole city. 20 forts forming this new system were constructed between 1883 and 1890.
The rapid progress in the power of siege artillery required the forts to be continually strengthened. In the final period of its existence the fortress consisted of 29 forts and major works, including the older forts of the original Citadel, which were reinforced by numerous smaller fieldworks.
Early 20th century
As a result
of the defeat in the war with Japan in 1904-1905, the Russian Empire carried
out a major rethinking of its military strategy. As part of this reevaluation
and the resulting changes in strategic deployments, it was decided that
maintaining the Warsaw Fortress was no longer cost-effective. In 1909 the
decision was made to abolish the fortress. Work started out to demolish its
works but it proceeded slowly. In 1913, with the worsening international
situation immediately before the outbreak of the First World War, the decision
was reversed, and hasty work started to return the fortress to combat
readiness. These defenses were never put to the test, as Warsaw was evacuated
by the Russian army without a fight in August, 1915, during its general retreat
that summer.
Polish independence (niepodległość)
After
Poland regained its independence in 1918 the dismantling of some fortifications
resumed, others were taken over by the Polish Army and used as storage sites or
barracks, though over the years these were gradually abandoned. Some forts were
briefly prepared for defense during the Battle of Warsaw in 1920, others saw
heavy fighting during the siege of the city in September, 1939 though their
defensive strength was vastly reduced due to advances in military technology.
Today
Today many of the forts are still in place, but some were built over and no
trace of them remains. At present the city lacks a unified concept for their
use, though their historical value is recognized. They are mostly not
maintained and hence not open to the public for sightseeing. Only the Citadel
and some of its adjacent forts are well maintained and open to tourists.
So, most are not open to tourists. That got me interested, so we went to Fort Bema (Fort P). Below you can see some photos I took.
Basically these are run down places where youths and the free-spirited people hang out. Plus the odd anarchist :-)
In one of the sections there used to be an art gallery before, with urban artists painting the walls with street-art like work. Some of it should be still there but we bumped into a fenced up and locked entrance unfortunately.
A few months earlier we had a stroll around Fort Włochy, Fort V on the map. It is another fort very close to our home and smaller than Fort Bema. Let me rephrase, it also covers a big area but you see less remains of the fort.
 |
| Fort V - Fort Włochy |
I would love to make a full circle and visit all remaining forts part of the Warsaw Fortress. Fantastic places. However, it was a shame to see so much litter on the ground everywhere.
Places like this should be cherished,
not trashed.
